Anita Desai s Fire On The Mountain - 1627 Words

This paper examines the way in which Anita Desai’s novel Fire On The Mountain deals with highly topical issues of the current century. The ecofeminist reading of the present novel outlines the postcolonial condition of the Indian women and the environment in terms of both activism and fiction. Through feminizing nature and naturalizing female, Desai aims at voicing against the ideology which authorizes the exploitation and subjugation of women and environment on the basis of class, gender, race and ethnicity. I also argue that the ambivalent relationship between the women and the environment leads to disputing dualism of nature/culture identity and yet straddling the grey area between these two binaries which allows them to be used as a tool only in the hands of patriarchy for its benefit leading the exploitation and subjugation of women. In the novel Fire On The Mountain (1977) Nanda Kaul, the protagonist is the wife of vice-chancellor but a passive sufferer who strive s for her freedom from silent miseries, agony and helplessness from the problems of day to day’s life and seeks her freedom in Kasauli at the later stage of her life. Her great grand daughter Raka; also a victim of her parent’s complex marital staus;comes to live with Nanda. Ila Das, a spinster and Nanda’s childhood friend is the epitome of the gender biasness and class consciousness.All the female characters seek their alliance with the forest of carignano to heal their sufferings but at the end of theShow MoreRelatedAnita Desai : An Indian Novelist2023 Words   |  9 Pages Chapter-1 Introduction Anita Desai is one of India s foremost writers. She is an Indian novelist, short-story writer and children s author. Winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award and Guardian Children s Fiction Prize, Desai has authored as many as sixteen works of fiction, some of the best ones being Fasting, Feasting , The Village By The Sea , In Custody , and Clear Light ofRead MoreThe Great Deal Of Poetry1790 Words   |  8 PagesBhattacharya, Manohar Malgonkar, Khushwant Singh, Balachandra Rajan, Kamala mark Andaya and Anita Desai. All these novelists and many more, have considerably enriched Indo-Anglican fiction. Anita Desai began to write in English at the age of seven and published her first story at the age of nine. Several short stories were written by her regularly even before her marriage. As a novelist Desai made her debut in 1963 with the novel Cry, the Peacock. It was published in Britain by PeterRead MoreMajor Works of Anita Desai, the Indian Novelist2230 Words   |  9 PagesMajor Works of Anita Desai, the Indian Novelist Most of Desais works engage the complexities of modern Indian culture from a feminine perspective while highlighting the female Indian predicament of maintaining self-identity as an individual woman. Cry, the Peacock, Desais first novel, chronicles the morbid dread, descent into madness, and suicide of Maya, a young Delhi housewife who is trapped in a loveless, arranged marriage to the much older Gautama, a misogynistic lawyer. The novel foreshadowsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Cry, The Peacock Essay1815 Words   |  8 PagesAnitaMazumdar Desai was conceived in Mussoorie in1937. She was granted Sahitya Academy Award by Sahitya Academy for her novel Fire on the Mountain in 1978. She won the Brooker prize three times and the British Gaurdian prize for The Village by the Sea. Anita Desai is among the Anglo Indian Novelist and a women s activist author. A women s activist tries to see just the concealment, persecution, bad form and savageries did to the ladies however Anita Desai does not waver to call attention to theRead MoreAnalysis Of Kashmira Sheth s Keeping Corner, Mira And Pemala1651 Words   |  7 Pageswhen the woman starts thinking and questioning the codes of conduct laid down by society, especially a patriarchal one. This thinking and questioning attitude can start right from the woman s childhood, persist through adulthood, that is, marriage and motherhood, and become a mature understanding of one s individuality leading to an integrated, whole personality. Once they have succeeded in the quest, and found their true selves, they are at peace with themselves and with the world. They becomeRead MoreLiterature : A New Realm Of Understanding Of Human Nature And Behavior1761 Words   |  8 Pagesartistic works that fall within a certain central theme; examples of genre include Romance, Mystery, Crime, Fantasy, Erotica, and Adventure. Indo-Anglican novel begins with K.S.Ventkataramani s kandan the patriot (1935) and MulkRaj Anand s Untouchable (1935) and Coolie (1936). Raja Rao s Kanthapura is Indian terms of its story telling qualities Rabindranath Tagore wrote in Bengali and Mukerji was the first Indian author to win a literary award in the united-fiction is best knownRead MoreChildren’s Literature in India Essay1893 Words   |  8 Pagesspontaneous, allowing absurdities of all kinds to exist. Their horizons are fleeting, giving space to dragons, fairies, elves, wizards, goblins and unicorns, to rabbits that talk and broomsticks that fly. Their sense of adventurism make them scale mountains, drink potions that do wonders and imagine frogs that turn into princes. Their world is the world of pure innocent fun. And their literature is as a colour-riot as their world. Perceived as adults in the making, their books deal also with the issuesRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |   70 Pagescontemporary touch with the coming of Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao and R.K.Narayan. The social disparity of India which was aptly described by Mulk Raj Anand in his Coolie, the imaginary village life with its entire unedited realities in R.K. Narayan`s Malgudi Days and last but not the least the aura of Gandhism depicted by Raja Rao in his remarkable novel Kanthapura portrayed a whole new India. The need of the `foreigners` depicting India amidst their write ups was not needed as Indians wantedRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 PagesProvince, Peoples Republic of China. Journal of the International Hemp Association 2(2): 57, 60-65. This paper summarizes the history of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation and traditional use in the Tai an District of Shandong Province in the People s Republic of China, and investigates the cultivation and processing techniques currently being employed to produce hemp ribbon and hemp seed. Recent production levels and marke t conditions are reviewed. Comparisons with Hungarian hemp cultivation and

Essay on Loren Inc - 770 Words

Case Study Format Program: Supply Chain Management Extension Certificate Case Study Format Methodology You must use this format to prepare your case study analysis and recommendations for course assignments. Organization Background This section provides the context for the issue / organization being examined. It is necessary and important that the class be given a feel for the type of organization and industry being examined, the marketplace in which that industry operates, and the overall business environment in which the discussion and analysis will take place. Defining the Issue It is extremely important that the Learner / group clearly articulate what the problem / situation is to the class. It is essential that the†¦show more content†¦Such criteria may include: profit; cost; return on investment (ROI); market share; capacity; risk; and / or, cash flow, to name a few. Qualitative criteria may include: competitive advantage; customer satisfaction; employee morale; corporate image; ease of implementation; synergy; ethics; safety; and / or goodwill, to name a few. There may be other criteria that the Learner / group have determined are essential to the decision making process. Ensure that the criteria chosen are clearly articulated and described. Alternative Analysis and Evaluation Each alternative must be clearly identified. The key advantages and disadvantages of each alternative must be listed and thoroughly discussed. The compare and contrast (pro and con) assessments of each alternative must be done against the decision criteria previously listed and discussed. A matrix format may be used in order to more accurately compare each of the alternatives. If multiple decision criteria are being used, weighting of each of the criteria must be applied. It is also important to look at the short and long term results of each alternative, and to assess the best, the worst, and the most likely outcomes for each alternative. Qualitative and quantitative analysis will be required. It will also be necessary for the student to use the various supply chain management tools and techniques learned throughout the certificate program to determine those possible outcomes.  © Mount Royal University ContinuingShow MoreRelatedLoren Inc Case Study705 Words   |  3 PagesLoren Inc Case Study Organization Background Loren Inc was a Canadian subsidiary of larger international chemical company. The company sold both consumer and industrial products and established an excellent reputation for quality products and marketing effectiveness. As a result, they have substantial growth in total sales and financial success. The total Canadian Sales were approximately $800 million and $400 profits after tax. Defining the Issue In Loren Inc purchasing departmentRead MorePortable Pc : The Laptop Market1906 Words   |  8 Pagesthe most innovative companies in the 21st century, was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in 1976 (Rawlinson). They have entered the laptop market in 1989 with the product named ‘Macintosh Portable’. As of November 2016, the Apple Inc. (AAPL) has the greatest market capitalization value among all its competitors, which is 593.11 Billion USD. Its P/E rate is 13.39, and the EPS is $8.31. Apple’s laptops are named ‘Macbook’, with three different models: Macbook Air, Macbook, and MacbookRead MoreChirality in Chemical Reactions Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesFinance – 419 Scrap #29 Principles of Managerial Finance, by Lawrence J. Gitman. Published by Addison Wesley. Copyright  © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Individual Assignment 1: Assignments from the Readings    †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Resource: Principles of Managerial Finance †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prepare responses to the following problems from the text:    o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Problems P5-3, P5-4, and P5-13 (Ch. 5) o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Problem P10-4Read MoreEssay on The Paleo Diet: The Caveman Diet1490 Words   |  6 Pageseven more is that our human physiology hasn’t changed very little. The question this poses is, what can we learn from our ancestors about food and what our bodies need in order to be at their peak? The man behind the current Paleo Diet craze is Dr. Loren Cordain. He has his Ph.D. in Health from the University of Utah in 1981. He also served as a professor in the Department of Health and Exercise Science at Colorado State University from 1982-2013. Dr. Cordain became interested in healthy eatingRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Copyright System1485 Words   |  6 Pagesapply. First is the fair return for a creator’s labor, second is â€Å"Fair Use† of the creator’s labor and finally the Progress of Science and useful Arts to further the public good. The application of these three guidelines in litigation for AM Records, Inc. vs. Napster, found that the rights of reproduction, and distribution had been violated, in effect upholding the copyrights’ of nineteen different music companies represented under AM Records name, this ruling had protected the music industries interestsRead MoreThe M Records, Inc. V. Napster1439 Words   |  6 Pagesapply. First is the fair return for a creators labor, second is â€Å"Fair Use† of the creators’ labor and finally the Progress of Science and useful Arts to further the public good. The application of these three guidelines in litigation for AM Records, Inc. v. Napster, found that the rights of reproduction, and distribution had been violated, in effect upholding the copyrights of nineteen different music companies represented under AM Records name, this ruling had protected the music industries interestsRead MoreAssessing the Goals of Sports Products Inc979 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ASSESSING THE GOAL OF SPORTS PRODUCTS, INC. [Student name] [Instructor name] DATE ASSESSING THE GOAL OF SPORTS PRODUCTS, INC. a. What should the management of Sports Products, Inc. pursue as its overriding goal? Why? The businesses that focus only on gaining profits that are then divided among top executives, do not survive for long. The businesses like Sports Products should have broader goals like maximizing shareholders wealth and not just the wealth of managers. This leads to more productionRead MoreDeveloping Effective Decision Models1692 Words   |  7 Pagesfactor, is in play. In Problem Solving for Decision Makers (1997), Loren Gary indicates that there are deficits in basic thinking skills at all levels of an organization. Senior managers still rely on â€Å"gut feelings† when making decisions because of limited access to enterprise-wide data and analytical Week 2 Page 4 talent, according to the findings of a survey released in February 2010 by talent acquisition firm Accenture, Inc. The research revealed that senior managers fail to see fact- and data-drivenRead MoreAvoiding Physical Punishment In Child Rearing Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesmeaning if a child does something wrong, the consequences can be bad, typically brought about by the parent. Natural meaning if a child does something wrong, the consequences can be bad, typically brought about by some sort of physical reality. Dr. Loren Grey acknowledges the logical method, Even though the result is arranged by the parent, the child sees it as his own action and usually a repetition of the result is not needed to influence change (47). Concerning natural consequences, Dr. GreyRead MoreAssignment Readings Fin4192109 Words   |  9 PagesI would probably chose B. Read the Assessing the Goal of Sports Products, Inc. case study in Ch. 1 of Principles of Managerial Finance. Introduction ​Loren and Dale work for Sports Products. Loren is a clerical assistant in accounting and Dale works in the shipping Department as a packager. Dale is upset that despite his efforts in not being wasteful, the stock prices has fallen $2 per share over 9 months. Loren does not understand how the stock prices can be declining when profits are rising

French Revolution, Cause and Effect 1789 Free Essays

string(45) " to convene the Estates General in May 1789\." The pivotal event of European history in the eighteenth century was the French Revolution. From its outbreak in 1789, the Revolution touched and transformed social values and political systems in France, in Europe, and eventually throughout the world. France’s revolutionary regime conquered much of Western Europe with its arms and with its ideology. We will write a custom essay sample on French Revolution, Cause and Effect 1789 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But not without considerable opposition at home and abroad. Its ideals defined the essential aspirations of modern liberal society, while its bloody conflicts posed the brutal dilemma of means versus ends. The revolutionaries advocated individual liberty, rejecting all forms of arbitrary constraint: monopolies on commerce, feudal charges laid upon the land, vestiges of servitude such as serfdom, and even (in 1794) black slavery overseas. They held that political legitimacy required constitutional government, elections, and legislative supremacy. They demanded civil equality for all, denying the claims of privileged groups, localities, or religions to special treatment and requiring the equality of all citizens before the law. A final revolutionary goal was expressed by the concept of fraternity, which meant that all citizens regardless of social class, region, or religion shared a common fate in society, and that the well-being of the nation sometimes superseded the interests of individuals. The resounding slogan of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity expressed social ideals to which most contemporary citizens of the Western world would still subscribe. I. Origins Those who made the Revolution believed they were rising against tyrannical government, in which the people had no voice, and against inequality in the way obligations such as taxes were imposed and benefits distributed. Yet the government of France at that time was no more tyrannical or unjust than it had been in the past. On the contrary, a gradual process of reform had long been underway. What, then, set off the revolutionary upheaval? What had changed? An easy answer would be to point to the incompetence of King Louis XVI 1774-1792) and his queen, Marie Antoinette. Good-natured but weak and indecisive, Louis was a man of limited intelligence who lacked self-confidence. Worse yet, his young queen, a Hapsburg princess, was frivolous, meddlesome, and tactless. But even the most capable ruler could not have escaped challenge and crisis in the late eighteenth century. The roots of that crisis, not its mismanagement, claim the principal interest of historians. The philosophes In eightee nth-century France, as we have seen, intellectual ferment preceded political revolt. For decades the philosophes had bombarded traditional beliefs, institutions, and prejudices with devastating salvos. They undermined the confidence that traditional ways were the best ways. Yet the philosophes were anything but revolutionaries. Nor did they question the fact that elites should rule society, but wished only that the elites should be more enlightened and more open. Indeed, the Enlightenment had become respectable by the 1780s, a kind of intellectual establishment. Diderot’s Encyclopedia, banned in the 1750s, was reprinted in a less expensive format with government approval in the 1770s. Most of France’s 30 provincial academies_learned societies of educated citizens in the larger towns had by that time been won over to the critical spirit and reformism of the Enlightenment, though not to its sometimes extreme secularism. Among the younger generation, the great cultural hero was Rousseau (see picture), whose Confessions (published posthumously in 1781) caused a sensation. Here Rousseau attacked the hypocrisy, conformity, cynicism, and corruption of high society’s salons and aristocratic ways. Though he had not exemplified this in his personal life, Rousseau came across in his novels and autobiography as the apostle of a simple, wholesome family life; of conscience, purity, and virtue. As such, he was the great inspiration to the future generation of revolutionaries, but the word â€Å"revolution† never flowed from his pen. Underground literature More subversive perhaps than the writings of the â€Å"high enlightenment† was the underground literature that commanded a wide audience in France. The onarchy’s censorship tried vainly to stop these â€Å"bad books,† which poured in across the border through networks of clandestine publishers, smugglers, and distributors. What was this fare that the reading public eagerly devoured? Alongside a few banned works by the philosophes, there was a mass of gossip sheets, pulp novels, libels, and pornography under such titles as Scandalous Chronicles and The Private Life of Louis XV. Much of this material focu sed on the supposed goings-on in the fashionable world of Paris and Versailles. Emphasizing scandal and character assassination, this literature had no specific political content or ideology. But indirectly, it portrayed the French aristocracy as decadent and the French monarchy as a ridiculous despotism. II. Fiscal Crisis When he took the throne in 1774, Louis XVI tried to conciliate elite opinion by recalling the Parlements or sovereign law courts that his father had abolished in 1770. This concession to France’s traditional â€Å"unwritten constitution† backfired, however, since the Parlements resumed their defense of privilege in opposition to reforms proposed by Jacques Turgot, Louis, new controller general of finances. Turgot, a disciple of the philosophes and an experienced administrator, hoped to encourage economic growth by the policy of nonintervention or laissez-faire. When agitation against him mounted at Versailles and in the Paris Parlement, Louis took the easy way out and dismissed his troublesome minister. The king then turned to a Protestant banker from Geneva with a reputation for financial wizardry, Jacques Necker. A shrewd man with a strong sense of public relations, Necker gained wide popularity. To finance the heavy costs of France’s aid to the rebellious British colonies in North America, Necker avoided new taxes and instead floated a series of large loans at exorbitant interest rates as high as 10 percent. Short of a complete overhaul of the tax system, little improvement in royal revenues could be expected, and the public would bitterly resist any additional tax burdens that the monarchy simply imposed. Facing bankruptcy and unable to float any new loans in this atmosphere, the king recalled the Parlements, reappointed Necker, after tarying several other ministers, and agreed to convene the Estates General in May 1789. You read "French Revolution, Cause and Effect 1789" in category "Papers" III. Estates General to National Assembly The calling of the Estates General created extraordinary excitement across the land. When the king invited his subjects to express their opinions about this great event, hundreds did so in the form of pamphlets, and here the liberal or â€Å"patriot† ideology of 1789 first began to take shape. The Third Estate While the king accorded the Third Estate twice as many delegates as the two higher orders, he refused to promise that the delegates would vote together (â€Å"by head†) rather than separately in three chambers (â€Å"by order†). A vote by order meant that the two upper chambers would outweigh the Third Estate no matter how many deputies it had. It did not matter that the nobility had led the fight against absolutism. Even if they endorsed new, constitutional checks on absolutism and accepted equality in the allocation of taxes, nobles would hold vastly disproportionate powers if the Estates General voted by order. In the most influential of these pamphlets, Abbe Emmanuel Joseph Sieye posed the question, â€Å"What is the Third Estate? † and answered flatly, â€Å"Everything. † The enemy was no longer simply absolutism but privilege as well. Unlike reformers in England, or the Belgian rebels against Joseph II, or even the American revolutionaries of 1776, the French patriots did not look back to historical traditions of liberty that had been violated. Rather they contemplated a complete break with a discredited past. As a basis for reform, they would substitute reason for tradition. Cahiers For the moment, however, the patriots were far in advance of opinion at the grass roots. The king had invited citizens across the land to meet in their parishes to elect delegates to district electoral assemblies, and to draft grievance petitions (cahiers) setting forth their views. Highly traditional in tone, the great majority of rural cahiers complained only of particular local ills and expressed confidence that the king would redress them. Only a few cahiers from Iarger cities, including Paris, alluded to the concepts of natural rights or popular sovereignty that were appearing in patriot pamphlets. Very few demanded that France must have a written constitution, that sovereignty belonged to the nation, or that feudalism and regional privileges should be abolished. Elections Virtually every adult male taxpayer was eligible to vote for electors, who, in turn, chose deputies for the Third Estate. The electoral assemblies were a kind of political seminar, where articulate local leaders emerged to be sent by their fellow citizens as deputies to Versailles. These deputies were a remarkable collection of men, though scarcely representative of the mass of the Third Estate. Dominated by lawyers and officials, there was not a single worker or peasant among them. In the elections for the First Estate, meanwhile, democratic procedures assured that parish priests rather than Church notables would form a majority of the delegates. And in the elections to the Second Estate, about one third of the delegates could be described as liberal nobles or patriots. â€Å"National Assembly† Popular expectation that the monarchy would provide leadership in reform proved to be ill-founded. When the deputies met on May 5, Necker and Louis XVI spoke to them only in generalities, and left unsettled whether the estates would vote by order or by head. The upper two estates proceeded to organize their own chambers, but the deputies of the Third Estate balked. Inviting the others to join them, on June 17 the Third Estate took a decisive revolutionary step by proclaiming its conversion into a â€Å"National Assembly. † A few days later 150 clergymen from the First Estate joined them. The king, who finally decided to cast his lot with the nobility, locked the Third Estate out of its meeting hall until a session could be arranged in which he would state his will. But the deputies moved to an indoor tennis court, and there swore that they would not separate until they had given France a constitution. Ignoring this act of defiance, the king addressed the delegates of all three orders on June 23. He promised equality in taxation, civil liberties, and regular meetings of the Estates General at which, however, voting would be by order. France would be provided with a constitution, he pledged, â€Å"but the ancient distinction of the three orders will be conserved in its entirety. † He then ordered the three orders to retire to their individual meeting halls. This, the Third Estate refused. When the royal chamberlain repeated his monarch’s demand, the deputies, spokesman dramatically responded: â€Å"The assembled nation cannot receive orders. Startled by the determination of the patriots, the king backed down. For the time being, he recognized the National Assembly and ordered deputies from all three estates to join it. Thus the French Revolution began as a nonviolent, â€Å"legal† Revolution. IV. The Convergence of Revolutions The political struggle at Versailles was not occurring in isolation. Simultaneously, the mass of French citizens, already aroused by elections to the Estates General, were mobilizing over subsistence issues. The winter and spring of 1788-1789 had brought severe economic difficulties, as crop failures and grain shortages almost doubled the price of flour and bread on which the population depended for subsistence. Unemployed vagrants and beggars filled the roads, grain convoys and marketplaces were stormed by angry consumers, and relations between town and country were strained. This anxiety merged with rage over the behavior of â€Å"aristocrats† in Versailles. Parisians believed that food shortages and royal troops would be used to intimidate the people into submission. They feared an â€Å"aristocratic plot† against the Third Estate and the patriot cause. Bastille When the king dismissed the still-popular Necker on July 11, Parisians correctly assumed that the counter-revolution was about to begin. Instead of submitting, they revolted. Protesting before royal troops (some of whom defected to the insurgents), burning the hated toll barriers that surrounded the capital, and seizing grain supplies, Parisian crowds then began a search for weapons. On the morning of July 14 they invaded the military hospital of the Invalides where they seized thousands of rifles without incident. Then they laid siege to the Bastille, an old fortress that had once been a major royal prison, where gunpowder was stored. There the small garrison did resist and a ferocious firefight erupted. Dozens of citizens were hit providing the first martyrs of the Revolution, but the garrison soon capitulated. As they left, several were massacred by the infuriated crowd. Meanwhile, patriot electors ousted royal officials of the Paris city government, replaced them with a revolutionary municipality, and organized a citizens militia or national guard to patrol the city. Similar municipal revolutions occurred in 26 of the 30 largest French cities, thus assuring that the capital’s defiance would not be an isolated act. The Parisian insurrection of July 14 not only saved the National Assembly from annihilation but also altered the course of the Revolution by giving it a far more active, popular dimension. Again the king capitulated. Removing most of the troops around Paris, he traveled to the capital on July 17 and, to please the people, donned a cockade bearing the colors of white for the monarchy and blue and red for the city of Paris. This tricolor was to become the flag of the new France. The Great Fear These events did not pacify the anxious and hungry people of the countryside, however. The sources of peasant dissatisfaction were many and long standing. Population growth and the parceling of holdings were reducing the margin of subsistence for many families, while the purchase of land by rich townspeople exerted further pressure. Seigneurial dues and church tithes weighed heavily upon most peasants. Now, in addition, suspicions were rampant that nobles were hoarding grain in order to stymie the patriotic cause. In July peasants in several regions sacked the castles of the nobles and burned the documents that recorded their feudal obligations. This peasant insurgency eventually blended into a vast movement known as the Great Fear. Rumors abounded that the vagrants who swarmed through the countryside were actually â€Å"brigands† in the pay of nobles who were marching on villages to destroy the new harvest and cow the peasants into submission. The fear was baseless, but it stirred up hatred and suspicion of the nobles, prompted a mass recourse to arms in the villages, and set off new attacks on chEteaus and feudal documents. Peasant revolts and the Great Fear showed that the royal government was confronting a truly nationwide and popular revolution. The night of August 4 Peasant insurgency worried the deputies of the National Assembly, but they decided to appease the peasants rather than simply denounce their violence. On the night of August 4, representatives of the nobility and clergy vied with one another in renouncing their ancient privileges. This set the stage for the Assembly to decree â€Å"the abolition of feudalism† as well as the tithe, venality of office, regional privilege, and social privilege. Rights of Man and Citizen By sweeping away the old web of privileges, the August 4th decree permitted the Assembly to construct a new regime. Since it would take months to draft a constitution, the Assembly drew up a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen to indicate the outline of its intentions. A rallying point for the future, the Declaration also stood as the death certificate of the old regime. It began with a ringing affirmation of equality: â€Å"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common utility. The Declaration went on to proclaim the sovereignty of the nation as against the king or any other group, and the supreme authority of legitimate law. Most of its articles concerned liberty, defined as â€Å"the ability to do whatever does not harm another . . . whose limits can only be determined by law†; they specified freedom from arbitrary arrest; freedom of expression and of religion; and the need for represent ative government. The Declaration’s concept of natural rights meant that the Revolution would be based on reason rather than history or tradition. How to cite French Revolution, Cause and Effect 1789, Papers

24 Karat Gold Songs From the Vault by Stevie Nicks free essay sample

Though its been nearly forty years since Fleetwood Macs landmark album, Rumours first hit the shelves of every record store in 1977, the young woman gracing the cover poised in a ballerina like stance draped in a black shawl with cascading blonde waves flowing down her shoulder remains much the same. Time has been kind to Stevie Nicks and in return she has given us the eternal gift of her soul through her music. Now at sixty-five, Stevie Nicks is back with her eighth solo album entitled, 24 Karat Gold: Songs From the Vault. All of the songs on the album were written at various points in Nickslife, covering a nearly forty year span from 1969 until the late 1990s. Nicks has said in interviews that many of the songs were old demos made for other solo albums that had been shelvedfor various reasons and forgotten about. That is until she noticed many of them turning up on the Internet in various levels of completion. Realizing the interest, Nicks decided it was time to officially record and release the songs as a full album. Due to the fact that the songs were all written at different points in time, the album has no real cohesion. Rather its like a trip through Nicks life. Each song is intimate and personal, giving fans a unique and rare glimpse into the romances, friendships, loves and losses, that have left their imprint in Nicks mind over the years. The album starts of with Starshine a track that was originally demoed with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in 1981as a potential cut for Bella Donna. The new version of the song sticks close to the original with Nicks clear vocals floating over a Mike Campbell inspired guitar sound provided by longtime Nicks sideman, Waddy Wachtel. Petty who has been a close friend of Nicks since teaming up with her in 1981 on the chart topping duet, Stop Draggin My Heart Around is the focus of another song on the album, Hard Advise. The track recalls a conversat ion Nicks had with Petty after she had completed rehab in the mid nineties during which she had asked him to write a song for her next album. He refused telling her she was one of the best songwriters he had ever known and that she did not need his help. The response he gave her was unexpected and Nicks was motivated to write a song that night. In the song, she credits Petty as being her best friend as well as someone who will give her the best advice he can even though she may not want to hear it.A portion of the cuts on the album deal with romance, love and longing which is a staple amongst Nicks songwriting. She delves deep into her own emotions to bring forth the lyrics, bringing her own personal love and heartache to the forefront which serves to make the songs highly relatable to anyone who has experienced the same emotions. Since the songs are highly personal, one wouldnt be hard pressed to assume that many were written about former flame and fellow Fleetwood Mac bandmate, Li ndsey Buckingham. After having spent the last several decades writing songs about each other and their relationship, its hardly surprising that a few would make their way onto this album as well. Blue Water recalls a woman longing for her love, asking him to stay with her until the very end. She Loves Him Still is along the same vein with Nicks admitting that no one ever could understand her relationship with the person in question in the song. Although their romance is over she cant let him go and will always continue to love him. If the song is indeed about Buckingham, its clear that he continues to inspire her and adds fuel to the flames when it comes to Nicks emotionally raw songwriting. Some songs on the album are of a retrospective nature with Nicks looking back on the past. Watch Chain quite literally focuses on the passing of time. Nicks sings of how time seems to change people until they are no longer recognizable not only physically but from the inside as well. Perhaps fro m Nicks standpoint it is also a recounting of her rise to fame and how over time she learned to recognize a true friend from those who were just fame hungry. The Dealer finds Nicks comparing her life to a game of cards. Nothing in life is certain and Nicks states that even though she felt that she was in control of her life at certain times the path was unclear and the game of chance led her astray. Nicks seems to be admitting that though she has made mistakes in her in youth, she has grown wiser with time and has learned how to navigate the hardships that life throws her way with a clearer mindset that comes with age. Mabel Normand is a biographical songs that partially recounts the life of the silent film star whose name graces the title. However, Nicks has admitted in interviews that the song also is in part about herself. She felt a strong connection with Normand who like Nicks was at one point in her life highly addicted to cocaine. Scared that if she continued on with her addi ction,her career and life would be headed down a similar dark path, Nicks committed herself to rehab and thankfully overcame the addiction. However, the song takes us back to a time when Nicks was extremely vulnerable and scared, one side that Nicks rarely shows to the public. ‘Carousel’ the only cover on the album is Nicks’ tribute to her late mother, Barbara who passed away in 2011 at the age of 84. Barbara was her daughter’s constant companion and best friend throughout her life and Nicks felt that including her mother’s favorite song was a sufficient way to honor her memory. It’s a touching sentiment and the song fits nicely with Nicks vocal range, allowing her to sing in a soft, lullaby quality that echoes back to the heart wrenching opening of ‘Landslide.† Finally, Lady finds Nicks looking towards the future. In the song, her voice soars with emotion as she asks What will become of me? as if pleading for someone to tell her what lies ahead so she no longer has to worry.Though a rhetorical question, its one that can easily be answered. For the eternal gypsy queen, with her trademark platform boots and tiny frame wrapped in flowing shawls as she twirls across the stage lost in the music, one can conclude that Stevie Nicks will live on forever in the memory of anyone who has ever been touched by her music. Her songs are her babies, meant to carry on her legacy and what a legendary legacy it is. While she herself may be mortal, her music and image will forever remain immortal. Her songs are wrought with emotion, making the listener face their own fears, losses, loves and heartbreak. She connects to people on an extremely personal level, making her seem like a songstress goddess. Perhaps she was right all along and the sound of her husky, glorious voice will wrap around our dreams, dripping down like gold laced dust to haunt us for life. I for one am perfectly fine with that concept.